USE THE LINKER TO BUILD OBJECT FILES FOR myadd_main.asm
AND FOR myadd.asm in the first example and for lcshift_main.asm
and lcshift.asm in the second:

myadd_main.asm content is:

main:   lodd arg1:
        push
        lodd arg2:
        push
        call myadd:
        stod rslt:
        halt
        .LOC 10
arg1:   25
arg2:   75
rslt:    0


THIS FILE HAS NO SYMBOL RESOLUTION FOR SYMBOL myadd: SO
IT CANNOT BE MADE INTO AN EXECUTABLE WITH A SIMPLE masm_mrd
COMMAND:

bash-3.00$ masm_mrd < myadd_main.asm
0000000000001010
1111010000000000
0000000000001011
1111010000000000
no symbol in symbol table: myadd:  <<== assembler gives error
bash-3.00$


WE CAN MAKE AN OBJECT FILE FOR LATER LINKING BY USING -o
OPTION WITH masm_mrd:


bash-3.00$ masm_mrd -o < myadd_main.asm
   0  U0000000000000000    arg1:
   1  1111010000000000
   2  U0000000000000000    arg2:
   3  1111010000000000
   4  U1110000000000000    myadd:   <<== unknown in this file
   5  U0001000000000000    rslt:
   6  1111111111000000
   10  0000000000011001
   11  0000000001001011
   12  0000000000000000
  4096 x
    rslt:                       12
    arg2:                       11
    arg1:                       10
    main:                        0
bash-3.00$



HERE IS THE CONTENT OF myadd.asm:

myadd:  lodl 1
        addl 2
        addd bias:
        retn
bias:   100


WE CAN ALSO MAKE AN OBJECT FILE FOR THIS:

bash-3.00$ masm_mrd -o < myadd.asm
   0  1000000000000001
   1  1010000000000010
   2  U0010000000000000    bias:
   3  1111100000000000
   4  0000000001100100
  4096 x
    bias:                        4
    myadd:                       0
bash-3.00$



IN BOTH CASES WE ALLOWED THE OUTPUT TO COME ON THE SCREEN, 
BUT WE COULD HAVE REDIRECTED TO FILES FOR LINKING USE:

masm_mrd -o < myadd_main.asm > myadd_main.o

AND

masm_mrd -o < myadd.asm > myadd.o


NOW WE CAN TAKE THESE .o FILES AND USE THE LINKER TO MAKE
AN EXECUTABLE FILE:

bash-3.00$ linker myadd_main.o myadd.o     <<== this is my linker
0000000000001010
1111010000000000
0000000000001011
1111010000000000
1110000000001101
0001000000001100
1111111111000000
1111111111111111
1111111111111111
1111111111111111
0000000000011001
0000000001001011
0000000000000000
1000000000000001
1010000000000010
0010000000010001
1111100000000000
0000000001100100
bash-3.00$


THIS EXECUTABLE WAS LISTED ON THE SCREEN, BUT WE COULD HAVE 
REDIRECTED IT TO A FILE TO USE FOR EXECUTION:

bash-3.00$ linker myadd_main.o myadd.o > mya.exe


AND NOW WE CAN RUN THIS EXECUTABLE AS USUAL:

bash-3.00$ mic1 prom_mrd.dat mya.exe 0 1024

Read in 152 micro instructions
Read in 18 machine instructions
Starting PC is : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
Starting SP is : 0000010000000000  base 10:    1024


ProgramCounter : 0000000000000111  base 10:       7
Accumulator    : 0000000011001000  base 10:     200
InstructionReg : 1111111111000000  base 10:   65472
TempInstr      : 1000000000000000  base 10:   32768
StackPointer   : 0000001111111110  base 10:    1022
ARegister      : 1010001111111111  base 10:   41983
BRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
CRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
DRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
ERegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
FRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0

Total cycles   : 113

Type decimal address to view memory,  q  to quit or  c  to continue: 12
     the location   12 has value 0000000011001000 , or   200  or signed    200
Type  <Enter>  to continue debugging
Type        q  to quit
Type        f for forward range
Type        b for backward range: q
MIC-1 emulator finishing, goodbye

bash-3.00$


AND WE CAN SEE THE CORRECT RESULT IN LOCATION 12 WHERE WE HAVE THE
VARIABLE  rslt:  IN MEMORY


THE SECOND EXAMPLE INCLUDES THE FILES NAMED lcshift_main.asm AND lcshift.asm 
ALSO IN THIS DIRECTORY.  THE lcshift_main.asm FILE LOADS A CONSTAINT VALUE 
OF 7 IN THE AC AND THEN PUSHES IT ON THE STACK AND CALLS THE LABEL lcshift:

THE CODE IN THE lcshift.asm FILE INCLUDES THE LABEL NAMED lcshift:
AND THIS LABEL IS CALLED FROM THE lcshift_main.asm FILE.  
THE lcshift: LABEL IS THE ENTRY POINT FOR A FUNCTION THAT DOES A LEFT 
CIRCULAR SHIFT ON THE ARGUMENT THAT IS PASSED TO IT ON THE STACK.  

THE RESULT OF THE LEFT CIRCULAR
SHIFT IS RETURNED IN THE AC TO THE CALLING CODE IN lcshift_main.asm WHICH 
THEN STORES IT AT THE LABEL rslt:  WHICH IS LOCATED AT ADDRESS 9 IN MEMORY.
THE COMMANDS TO COMPILE THE TWO ASM FILES INTO OBJECT FILES AND THEN LINK 
THE OBJECT FILES INTO AN EXECUTABLE AND RUN THE EXECUTABLE ARE SEEN BELOW 
(the linker used here is my linker, and this is the program you have to
create for this assignment).  WHEN THE DEBUGGER IS FINALLY ENTERED 
VIA THE HALT COMMAND, WE CAN VERIFY THAT THE RESULT OF A LEFT CIRCULAR 
SHIFT ON THE VALUE OF 7 IS 14 (all bits circularly shifted onnce to the left):


-bash-4.2$ pwd
/usr/cs/faculty/bill/cs305
-bash-4.2$ ls
Assignment_7_help.txt        a4_mult_test.asm             masm_mrd
IO_scan_two_numbers_asm.txt  a4_rshift_test.asm           masm_sym
IO_str_and_echo.asm          a6_help_dir                  mcc
IO_str_and_echo.obj          adder.asm                    mcv
IO_str_and_scan_number.asm   adder.obj                    mic1
IO_str_and_scan_number.obj   as2testdata                  microcode_original.mc
MasmSrc                      convert_float_to_bits.c      prom.dat
MccMcvSrc                    convert_float_to_bits_c.txt  prom_mrd.dat
Mic1Src                      ifib.asm                     rfib.c
NandRshiftExample            ifib.c
a4_div_test.asm              masm


-bash-4.1$ cd a6_help_dir

sh-4.2$ ls -l
total 121
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac  7990 Dec  2 20:45 example_linker_use.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   306 Dec  2 20:45 lc.exe
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   662 Dec  2 20:45 lc.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac    76 Dec  2 20:45 lcshift.asm
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   316 Dec  2 20:45 lcshift.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac    88 Dec  2 20:45 lcshift_main.asm
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   307 Dec  2 20:45 lcshift_main.o
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bill fac 50672 Dec  2 20:45 masm_mrd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bill fac 52416 Dec  2 20:45 mic1
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   306 Dec  2 20:45 mya.exe
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   663 Dec  2 20:45 mya.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac    50 Dec  2 20:45 myadd.asm
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   204 Dec  2 20:45 myadd.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   108 Dec  2 20:45 myadd_main.asm
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac   423 Dec  2 20:45 myadd_main.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 bill fac  5016 Dec  2 20:45 prom_mrd.dat

-bash-4.1$ ./masm_mrd -o < lcshift_main.asm > lcshift_main.o
-bash-4.1$ ./masm_mrd -o < lcshift.asm > lcshift.o
-bash-4.1$ ~/cs305demo/A6/linker lcshift_main.o lcshift.o > lc.exe 
-bash-4.1$ ./mic1 prom_mrd.dat lc.exe 0 1024

Read in 152 micro instructions
Read in 18 machine instructions
Starting PC is : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
Starting SP is : 0000010000000000  base 10:    1024


ProgramCounter : 0000000000000101  base 10:       5
Accumulator    : 0000000000001110  base 10:      14
InstructionReg : 1111111111000000  base 10:   65472
TempInstr      : 1000000000000000  base 10:   32768
StackPointer   : 0000001111111111  base 10:    1023
ARegister      : 1010001111111111  base 10:   41983
BRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
CRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
DRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
ERegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0
FRegister      : 0000000000000000  base 10:       0

Total cycles   : 91

Type decimal address to view memory,  q  to quit or  c  to continue: 9
     the location    9 has value 0000000000001110 , or    14  or signed     14
Type  <Enter>  to continue debugging
Type        q  to quit
Type        f for forward range
Type        b for backward range: q
MIC-1 emulator finishing, goodbye


THE SOURCE FILES AND ASSEMBLED OBJECT FILES FOR THE EXAMPLES CAN BE
FOUND IN THIS DIRECTORY AND THE EXECUTABLES mic1 and masm_mrd ALONG WITH THE 
prom_mdr MICROCODE CAN BE FOUND IN   ~bill/cs305/a6_help_dir.  YOU NEED TO WRITE 
THE LINKER PROGRAM TO CREATE AN EXECUTABLE FROM A SET OF OBJECT FILES.

YOU WILL ALSO FIND A WORKING SOLUTION FOR Assignmnet_5 ON THE CLASS WEBPAGE:

http://cs.uml.edu/~bill/cs305/working_A5_for_A6.txt

THIS SOLUTION CONTAINS A SINGLE SOURCEFILE PROGRAM TO IMPLMENT THE 5th
ASSIGNMENT.  YOU MUST BREAK THIS SINGLE COURSE PROGRAM DOWN (OR YOU CAN
USE YOUR OWN SINGLE SOURCE SOLUTION IF YOU GOT Assignment_5 TO WORK) INTO
A COLLECTION OF SOURCE FILES THAT YOU MUST ASSEMBLE TO OBJECT FILES AND
LINK INTO A WORKABLE EXECUTABLE.  THE DECOMPOSITION I USED INCLUDED A MAIN
DRIVER ROUTINE THAT CALLED VARIOUS SEPARATELY ASSEMBLED FUNCTIONS TO
IMPLEMENT THE ASSIGNMENT.  HERE IS MY DRIVER NAMED  a6main.asm:

start:  lodd on:
        stod 4095
        stod 4093
        call xbsywt:
        loco str1:
        push
        call writestr:
        insp 1
        call readint:
        stod binum1:
        call xbsywt:
        loco str1:
        push
        call writestr:
        insp 1
        call readint:
        stod binum2:
        lodd binum1:
        push
        lodd binum2:
        push
        call addints:
        insp 2
        stod sum:
        jpos prtsum:
        call xbsywt:
        loco str3:
        push
        call writestr:
        insp 1
        halt
prtsum: call xbsywt:
        loco str2:
        push
        call writestr:
        insp 1
        lodd sum:
        push
        call writeint:
        insp 1
        halt

AS YOU CAN SEE ABOVE, I'M CALLING FUNCTIONS THAT ARE NOT FOUND IN THIS
SOURCEFILE AND I'M REFERENCING DATA LABELS THAT ARE NOT FOUND IN THIS
SOURCEFILE.  ALL OF MY DATA ARE LOCATED IN A SINGLE SOURCE FILE
NAMED  data.asm  WHICH IS SHOWN BELOW.

numoff: 48
temp:   0
nxtchr: 0
numptr: binum1:
binum1: 0
binum2: 0
lpcnt:  0
mask:   10
on:     8
nl:     10
cr:     13
c1:     1
c10:    10
c255:   255
sum:    0
pstr1:  0
ansout: -1
        0
        0
        0
        0
        0
        0
ansptr: 0
quotnt: 0
numcnt: 1
str1:   "Please enter a 1-5 digit number followed by enter"
str2:   "The result is"
str3:   "ERROR - OVERFLOW"

THE REQUIRED FUNCTIONS ARE LOCATED IN FILES AS FOLLOWS:

readint()       readint.asm
writeint()      writeint.asm
writestr()      writestr.asm
addints()       addints.asm
xbsywt()        xbsywt.asm
rbsywt()        rbsywt.asm

I HAVE A  Makfile  FOR BUILDING THE PROGRAM AS SHOWN BELOW:

a6.exe: a6main.o addints.o data.o rbsywt.o readint.o sb.o writeint.o writestr.o xbsywt.o
        ./linker a6main.o writestr.o readint.o addints.o writeint.o sb.o rbsywt.o xbsywt.o data.o >
a6.exe
a6.o:   a6main.o addints.o data.o rbsywt.o readint.o sb.o writeint.o writestr.o xbsywt.o
        ./linker -o a6main.o writestr.o readint.o addints.o writeint.o sb.o rbsywt.o xbsywt.o data.o
 > a6.o
a6main.o: a6main.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < a6main.asm > a6main.o
writestr.o: writestr.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < writestr.asm > writestr.o
readint.o: readint.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < readint.asm > readint.o
addints.o: addints.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < addints.asm > addints.o
writeint.o: writeint.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < writeint.asm > writeint.o
sb.o: sb.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < sb.asm > sb.o
rbsywt.o: rbsywt.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < rbsywt.asm > rbsywt.o
xbsywt.o: xbsywt.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < xbsywt.asm > xbsywt.o
data.o: data.asm
        ./masm_mrd -o < data.asm > data.o
clean:
        rm -f *.o a6.exe


-bash-4.2$ pwd
/usr/cs/faculty/bill/cs305/a6_help_dir