Pu Yi, the last emperor of China, abdicated from the throne of the Ch'ing Dynasty in 1911, when the ancient empire collapsed and the first Republic was established. He was then five years old. After a brief attempt at a restoration by militarists, he fled in 1915 to the Japanese Concession in Tientsin. In 1934 he left Tientsin with Japanese officers who installed him in occupied Manchuria as puppet emperor of the puppet empire of Manchukuo. In 1945 he was seized by the Soviet Union Troops during their occupation of Machuria. In 1950 he was sent back to mainland China as a prisoner. After a long period of "thought remolding" in a labor camp he was granted freedom and became a gardener in the Botanical Institute in Beijing (also known as Peking) in 1960s. By 1965 he was a member of the Academy of History working on the archives of his imperial ancestors. He had divorced his several imperial brides and, for the first time, married a woman of his own choice, a Chinese nurse. He had also written an interesting autobiography, From Emperor to Citizen, Beijing, 1965 (The Last Manchu, N.Y. 1967). He died in Beijing of cancer in 1967 during the Mao's cultural revolution movement.

Sun Yat-Sent (also known as Sun Zhongshan). (This page is under construction.)

Mao Tse-Tung (This page is under construction)