Ghost Variables (1)
Ghost variables are shadow copies of existing variables, maintained by an eager update process so that the values of both copies agree before and after each change. [Ward96]*
The ghost copies act as a distributed replica for those parts of the system data ‘state’ that will be changed during refactoring.
* Martin Ward: Derivation of Data Intensive Algorithms by Formal Transformation: The Schnorr-Waite Graph Marking Algorithm, IEEE Trans on Software Engineering, Sep 1996 (665-686).