| Author(s) |
Date |
Publication |
Contributions |
Techniq |
Applic |
| [AMBLER AL 1989] Ambler, AL, and Burnett, MM |
1989 |
"Influence of Visual Technology on the Evolution of Language Environments",
pp. 9-22 in IEEE Computer, October. |
Review classifies program development environments by graphical nature:from
visual UI and editing to VL. Most are for programmers, but effect is to
reduce computer knowledge required. |
V M X F T |
T |
| [BERGLAS A 1996] Berglas, A |
1996 |
Non-Monotonic Reasoning and End User Conceptual
Modeling, PhD thesis in Computer Science at the University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. |
Waterfall-model CASE tools convert the schema to code which programmers
modify. Berglas presents a formal definition for annotating conceptual
models with code; so final application programs can be generated directly
from the schema. Keeps consistency when power end-users modify the
schema at any time. |
F P T |
B D |
| [BORNING AH
1981] Borning, AH |
1981 |
"The Programming Language Aspects of ThingLab, a Constraint-Oriented
Simulation Laboratory", pp. 353-387 in ACM Transactions on Programming
Languages and Systems, 3:4, October. |
ThingLab is a general object-oriented constraint programming
system for modelling physical systems. Prototype objects (e.g. a schematic
resister) are copied and modified by changing the constraints that determine
their shape and behavior. |
V M T |
T R |
| [BORNING AH
1986] Borning, AH |
1986 |
"Graphically Defining New Building Blocks in ThingLab", pp. 269-295
in Human-Computer Interaction, 2:4 |
Three-tier system: basic system with no domain features, domain toolkit
of building blocks prepared by domain expert, and specific simulations
prepared by more casual users. |
V M T |
T R |
| [BOUWMAN P 1994] Bouwman,
P, de Bruin, H, and van den Bos, FEW |
1994 |
"Visually Specifying Human-Computer Dialogues in DIGIS", pp. 171-172
in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
DIGIS performs Interaction by Example + post-editing. |
V M X |
R I |
| [CARDELLI L 1983] Cardelli, L |
1983 |
"Two-Dimensional Syntax for Functional Languages", pp. 107-119 in Proceedings
of Integrated Interactive Computing Systems, Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam. |
Manipulate boxes with programming symbols to define functional programs. |
V M |
R |
| [CHANG S-K 1986] Chang, S-K |
1986 |
"Introduction: Visual Languages and Iconic Languages", pp. 1-7
in Visual Languages, S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A. Ligomenides
(Eds.), Plenum, New York. |
Introduction to the subject, brief classification of visual languages,
and introduction to articles. |
V |
T |
| [CHANG S-K 1994] Chang,
S-K, Costabile, MF, and Levialdi, S. |
1994 |
"Reality Bites -- Progressive Querying and Result Visualization in
Logical and VR Spaces", pp. 100-109 in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis,
Missouri. |
VQRH. Progressive query, history slices, VR. |
V M |
T R D |
| [CHANG S-K 1986] Chang, S-K, Ichikawa, T, and Ligomenides, PA
(Eds) |
1986 |
Visual Languages, Plenum, New York, 1986. |
(articles indexed separately by their authors.) |
V M X F T |
T R E C I B D |
| [CHANG S-K 1987] Chang, S-K |
1987 |
"Visual Languages: A Tutorial and Survey", pp. 29-39 in IEEE Software,
January |
State of VP art and theory in 1987. |
V M X F T |
T R E |
| [CHANG S-K 1994] Chang, S-K, Korfhage, RR, Levialdi, S, and Ichikawa,
T |
1994 |
"Banquet: Ten Years of Visual Languages Research", pp. 195-205 in VL'94:
IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
History of the field since the first VL conference (1984 in Hiroshima.) |
|
|
| [CHORAFAS DN 1997] Chorafas, DN |
1997 |
Visual Programming Technology, McGraw-Hill, New York. |
Trendy, confused. End-User Progr. is now being hyped! |
V M X F |
C B D |
| [CLARISSE O 1986]
Clarisse, O, and Chang, SK |
1986 |
"VICON; a Visual Icon Manager", pp. 151-190 in Visual Languages,
S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A. Ligomenides (Eds.), Plenum, New York,
1986. |
VICON. Icons as basis for general programming. |
V M F |
T R |
| [CORDY JR 1992] Cordy, JR |
1992 |
"Why the User Interface is Not the Programming Language -- and
How It Can Be", pp. 91-100 in Languages for Developing User Interfaces,
Myers,
BA, Ed., Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston. |
Demonstrates that specification of a user interface requires all the
features of a programming language. |
V M X |
T R |
| [COX PT 1988] Cox,
PT, and Pietrzykowski, T |
1988 |
"Using a Pictorial Representation to Combine Dataflow and Object-Orientation
in a Language-Independent Programming Mechanism", pp. 695-704 in Proceedings
International Computer Science Conference. |
PROGRAPH 2 is a general visual programming language in which
data flow and class hierarchies are entirely pictorial. Text is eliminated
except for labels and comments: variables and logic syntax are replaced
by graphical connections. |
V M |
R |
| [CRUZ I 1994] Cruz, I |
1994 |
"User-Defined Visual Query Languages", pp. 224-231 in VL'94: IEEE VL
Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
DOODLE. Rule constraint visual metalanguage. |
V M X |
T R D |
| [DERTOUZOS ML 1992] Dertouzos, ML |
1992 |
"The User Interface is The Language", pp. 21-30 in Languages
for Developing User Interfaces, Myers, BA, Ed., Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, Boston. |
Proposes, "My Virtual Computer" with common infrastructure for I/O
and programming objects that would both make canned applications leaner
and enable routine end-user customization and programming. |
|
T |
| [DIAZ-HERRERA JL 1980] Diaz-Herrera, JL, and Flude, RC |
1980 |
"Pascal/HSD: A Graphical Programming System", in IEEE Proceedings
COMPSAC, pp. 723-728. |
Flowchart programming: Enter Pascal statements into Hierarchical Structured
Diagram boxes that display as program executes. |
V M T |
R |
| [DUISBERG RA 1988] Duisberg, RA |
1988 |
"Animation Using Temporal Constraints: An Overview of the ANIMUS System",
pp. 275-307 in Human-Computer Interaction, 3:3. |
ANIMUS, like Thinglab,
is a constraint-driven modelling system: for algorithms in ordinary software,
or electronic circuits, etc. Models time-dependent behavior. |
V M T |
R |
| [EDEL M 1986] Edel, M |
1986 |
"The Tinkertoy Graphical Programming Environment", pp. 466-471 in IEEE
Proceedings COMPSAC. |
Build LISP programs by interactively hooking together suggestively-shaped
icons (e.g. the EQ icon has 2 input sockets for operands and one plug to
connect output to something else.) |
V M T |
R |
| [FINZER W 1984] Finzer,
W, and Gould, L |
1984 |
"Programming by Rehearsal", pp. 187-210 in Byte, 9:6, June. |
Rehearsal World enables teachers to design educational software
games using a stage metaphor. Troupes of actors who understand cues correspond
to Smalltalk objects and messages. |
V X M |
R E C |
| [FREI HP 1978] Frei, HP, Weller, DL, and Williams, R |
1978 |
"A Graphics-based Programming-Support System", pp. 43-49 in ACM
Computer Graphics (Proceedings SIGGRAPH), 12:3, August. |
Flowchart programming: enter Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams using their
Picture Building System; compiles to PL/I. |
V M T |
R D |
| [GLINERT EP 1984] Glinert,
EP, and Tanimoto, SL |
1984 |
"Pict: An Interactive Graphical Programming Environment", pp. 7-25
in IEEE Computer, November. |
Fully interactive iconic flowchart programming system designed for
non-programmers and beginning programmers. Tested on 60 students. Good
literature review, discussion of tradeoffs. |
V M T |
R |
| [GLINERT EP 1990] Glinert, EP (Ed) |
1990 |
Visual Programming Environments: Paradigms and Systems. IEEE
Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California. |
(articles indexed separately by their authors.) |
V |
|
| [GLINERT EP 1994] Glinert, P, Blattner, MM, Chang, SK, and Kurlander,
DJ |
1994 |
"Panel: Visual Languages and Programming in the Year 2004", pp. 162-166
in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
What VP is & is good for. Illustration of a medical PDA in an environment
of TeleAccess Objects. Custom componentware. |
V M X T F |
T |
| [GRAF M 1990] Graf, M |
1990 |
"VERDI: The Architecture of a Visual Environment for Distributed System
Design", pp. 591-599 in Visual Programming Environments, Paradigms and
Systems, EP Glinert, Ed., IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos,
California. |
Designer graphically produces a model of a distributed computing system.
Model can be interpretively executed, made visible by animation of the
visual design. |
V M T |
R I |
| [GROSS MD 1994] Gross, MD |
1994 |
"Stretch-A-Sketch: a Dynamic Diagrammer", pp. 232-238 in VL'94: IEEE
VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
Stretch-A-Sketch, Cocktail Napkin Recognizer. |
V M X |
T R |
| [GUZDIAL M 1992A] Guzdial, M, Reppy, J, and Smith, RB |
1992 |
"Report of the 'User/Programmer Distinction' Working Group" (CHI'91),
pp. 367-383 in Languages for Developing User Interfaces, Myers,
BA, Ed., Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston. |
User programmers have specific goals and limited domain, but lack capabilities
of professionals. Environments to support them include components,
embedded languages like Elisp and Tcl, and demonstrational programming. |
|
|
| [GUZDIAL M 1992B] Guzdial, M, Weingrad, P, Boyle, R, and Soloway, E |
1992 |
"Design Support Environments for End Users", pp. 57-78in Languages
for Developing User Interfaces, Myers, BA, Ed., Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, Boston. |
Problems novice programmers face and environment features required
to support them. Experience teaching high-school students to program
multimedia presentations in MediaText. |
V M T |
R E |
| [HANSEN WJ 1994] Hansen, WJ, Bell, B, McKaskle, GA, Smedley, G, Kimura,
D, and Poswig, J |
1994 |
"The 1994 Visual Languages Comparison", pp. 90-99 in VL'94: IEEE VL
Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
Compares visual languages on sample tasks. |
V M |
R E B |
| [HIRAKAWA M 1986] Hirakawa,
M, Monden, N, Yoshimoto, I, Tanaka, M, and Ichikawa, T |
1986 |
"HI-VISUAL: a Language Supporting Visual Interaction in Programming",
pp. 233-259 in Visual Languages, S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A.
Ligomenides (Eds.), Plenum, New York, 1986. |
HI-VISUAL. Extensible icon general programming. Hierarchical
multi windows. |
V M T |
T R I B D |
| [JACOB RJK 1986] Jacob, RJK |
1986 |
"A Visual Programming Environment for Designing User Interfaces", in
Visual
Languages, S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A. Ligomenides (Eds.), Plenum,
New York |
|
|
|
| [KIMURA TD 1990]
Kimura, TD, Choi, JW, and Mack, JM |
1990 |
"Show and Tell: a Visual Programming Language", pp 397-404 in Visual
Programming Environments, Paradigms and Systems, EP Glinert, Ed., IEEE
Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California. |
VP language for school children. "Box graph" is dataflow model with
modifications for childrens' cognition: eliminate cycles and Boolean values. |
V M |
T R E |
| [KOPACHE ME 1988] Kopache, ME,
and Glinert, EP |
1988 |
"C2: A Mixed Textual/Graphical Environment for C", pp. 231-238
in VL'88: IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. |
Build and debug C programs by connecting BLOX tile icons that indicate
allowable connections. |
V M T |
R |
| [LAKIN F 1986] Lakin, F |
1986 |
"Spatial Parsing for Visual Languages", pp. 35-85 in Visual Languages,
S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A. Ligomenides (Eds.), Plenum, New York. |
|
V |
T |
| [LARSON JA 1986] Larson, JA |
1986 |
"Visual Languages for Database Users", pp. 127-147 in Visual Languages,
S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A. Ligomenides (Eds.), Plenum, New York,
1986. |
Entity-Response graph, prompted query construct. |
V M F T |
T R B D |
| [LEVI-STRAUSS C 1962] Levi-Strauss, C |
1962 1966 |
La Pensée sauvage, Paris, 1962. English tr. The Savage
Mind, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1966. 1 |
Describes thought of people in primitive cultures as "intellectual
bricolage": creating with available components by their apparent
properties. Concept used today to describe end-user programmers who use
tools without understanding how they work. |
|
T |
| [LEVY S 1984] Levy, S |
1984 |
"A Spreadsheet Way of Knowledge", pp. 58-64 in Harper's. November |
Classic introduction to spreadsheets, and account of the revolutionary
impact of this form of end-user programming on the business world. |
F |
T B |
| [LEWIS C 1990] Lewis,
C |
1990 |
"NoPumpG: Creating Interactive Graphics with Spreadsheet Machinery",
pp. 526-546 in Visual Programming Environments, Paradigms and Systems,
EP Glinert, Ed., IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California. |
Relatively minor additions to the spreadsheet model enable building
interactive graphics. Proposes that people's demonstrated success at solving
many problems with spreadsheets implies there may be a large class of solutions
close to that simple model. |
V M F |
T R |
| [LUDOLPH F 1988] Ludolph, F,
Chow, Y-Y, Ingalls, D, Wallace, S, and Doyle, K |
1988 |
"The FABRIK Programming Environment", pp. 222-230 in VL'88: Proceedings
of the Workshop on Visual Languages, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. |
General graphical dataflow programming in a circuit board metaphor.
Components from a parts bin have pins for connecting each input and output. |
V X M |
T R |
| [MCCATNEY TP 1994] McCatrney, TP, and Goldman, KJ |
1994 |
"Visual Specification of Interprocess and Intraprocess Communication",
pp. 80-87 in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
Graphical configuration based on tool Programmers' Playground. |
V |
|
| [MCWHIRTER JD 1994]
McWhirter, JD, and Nutt, GJ |
1994 |
"Escalante: An Environment for the Rapid Construction of Visual Language
Applications", pp. 15-22 in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
The visual language generator Escalante described by some of
its products: BooleanCircuit, Verdi, TuringMachine, etc. |
|
|
| [MEYER B 1994] Meyer, B |
1994 |
"Pictorial Deduction in Spatial Information Systems", pp. 23-30 in
VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
Sketch. |
|
G |
| [MODUGNO F 1994] Modugno,
F, and Myers, BA |
1994 |
"A State-Based Visual Language for a Demonstrational Visual Shell",
pp. 304-311 in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
Pursuit, Garnet. Demonstrate desired actions; then edit comic-strip
representation. |
V M X T F |
T R |
| [MODUGNO F 1997] Modugno, F and Corbett,
A T |
1997 |
"Graphical Representation of Programs in a Demonstrationsal Visual
Shell -- An Empirical Evaluation", pp. 276-308 in ACM Transactions on
Computer-Human Interaction 4:3, September. |
User study comparing graphical (comic strip) and textual representation
of PBD programs. Users comprehended the comic-strip representation
somewhat better, and produced programs twice as fast. |
M T V X |
R T |
| [MYERS BA 1986] Myers, BA |
1986 |
"Visual Programming by Example, and Program Visualization: A Taxonomy",
pp. 59-66 in CHI '86 Proceedings: Human Factors in Computing Systems,
Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts. |
(ignoring the last here:) classifies tools by orthogonal critera: VP
or not, PBE or not, and Interactive or Batch. |
V M X F T |
T |
| [MYERS BA 1987] Myers,
BA |
1987 |
"Creating Interaction Techniques by Demonstration", pp. 51-60 in IEEE
Computer Graphics and Applications, 7:9, September |
Peridot is a User Interface Management System (UIMS) that allows
a designer to design graphical interaction objects like scroll bars and
property sheets, including their behavior and exception handling, by demonstration. |
V X M T |
R |
| [MYERS BA 1988] Myers, BA |
1988 |
Creating User Interfaces by Demonstration. Perspectives in Computing
Vol. 22, Rheinholdt, W, and Siewiorek, D, (Eds). Academic Press, Boston. |
Peridot: a User Interface Management System implementing PBD.
Handles loops, conditionals, and constraints. |
V M X |
T R |
| [MYERS BA 1992] Myers, BA, Smith, DC, and Horn, B |
1992 |
"Report of the 'End-User Programming' Working Group" (CHI'91), pp.
343-366 in Languages for Developing User Interfaces, Myers, BA,
Ed., Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston. |
Unless end-users can program, much of the power of personal computers
will be wasted. Two levels: combining components and low-level
programming. Emulate user successeses like Lego blocks (!), spreadsheets,
and the Macintosh UI. |
V M X F T |
T |
| [NARDI B 1993] Nardi, B |
1993 |
A Small Matter
of Programming; Perspectives on End User Computing. MIT Press,
Cambridge, Massachusetts |
Best current exposition of the topic. Makes the case that users
can program; that unleashing your users' human intelligence is frequently
more effective than trying to invent artificial intelligence. Based
on user studies with tools such as spreadsheets and CAD scripts, alone
and in collaboration. |
V X F T |
T R E B |
| [NELSON G 1985] Nelson, G |
1985 |
"JUNO: A Constraint-Based Graphics System", pp. 235-243 in Proceedings
of SIGGRAPH'85, San Francisco. |
Combines WYSIWYG graphics with textual constraints. Graphical artists
of the time apparently found this usable. |
V M T |
R |
| [PANE JF 1997] Pane, JF |
1997 |
"A Programming System for Children that is Designed for Usability,"
presented at the 7th Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers: Graduate
Student Workshop, Alexandria, VA, October 24, 1997. abstract+text |
"My thesis is that a programming system that uses a card game metaphor
for computation, and embodies principles from the psychology of programming
and human-computer interaction, will enable children and other non-programmers
to create sophisticated programs containing animations, simulations and
multi-media." |
F M P T V X |
C E R T |
| [PONG MC 1983] Pong, MC, and
NG, N |
1983 |
"PIGS: A System for Programming with Interactive Graphical Support",
pp. 847-855 in Software -- Practice and Experience, 13:9, September.
John Wiley and Sons, New York. |
Directly interprets Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams with embedded Pascal
statements, highlighting executing portion on screen, with interactive
edit and debug. |
V M T |
R |
| [REISS SP 1985]
Reiss, SP |
1985 |
"PECAN: Program Development Systems that Support Multiple Views", pp.
276-285 in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-11:3, March. |
View and modify program via multiple views: syntax-directed editor,
Nassi-Schneiderman diagram, module interconnection, and data views. |
V M T |
R D |
| [REISS SP 1987] Reiss,
SP |
1987 |
"Working in the Garden Environment for Conceptual Programming", pp.
16-27 in IEEE Software, November. |
Comprehensive program development environment. Edit common internal
representation using multiple text or graphic views. |
V M T |
T R D |
| [REISS SP 1989] Reiss, SP, Meyers,
S, and Duby, C |
1989 |
"Using GELO to Visualize Software Systems", pp. 149-157 in UIST'89:
Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and
Technology. |
Edit program and data structures by manipulating constraint-driven
graphical objects. |
V M |
R |
| [REPENNING A
1994] Repenning, A |
1994 |
"Bending Icons: Syntactic and Semantic Transformations of Icons", pp.
296-303 in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
AgentSheets. Automatically generate related icons. |
V M T |
T R I B D |
| [REPENNING A 1997] |
1997 |
"Behavior Processors: Layers between End-Users and Java Virtual
Machines", pp. 402-409 in VL'97: IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages,
Isle of Capri, Italy, September. |
The AgentSheets "behavior processor" enables users to build
programs by combining pieces (bricolage.) |
M P V |
C E R T |
| [ROBINSON R 1995] Robinson, R, Cook,
D, and Tanimoto, S |
1995 |
"Programming Agents with Visual Ruiles", pp. 13-20 in VL'95:
11th IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, Darmstadt, Germany, September. |
Adds ability t9o specify a new icon's behavior in AgentSheets. |
M P V |
C E R T |
| [SASSIN M 1994] Sassin,
M |
1994 |
"Creating User-Intended Programs with Programming by Demonstration"
pp. 153-160 in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
ProDeGE+, Garnet. Dialog-based Learning. |
V M X |
T R C I |
| [SHU NC 1986] Shu, NC |
1986 |
"Visual Programming Languages: A Perspective and a Dimensional Analysis",
pages 11-34 in Visual Languages, S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A.
Ligomenides (Eds.), Plenum, New York. |
PECAN, SDMS, PV, |
V F |
T |
| [SMITH DC 1977] Smith, DC |
1977 |
Pygmalion: a computer program to model and stimulate creative thought.
In Interdisciplinary Systems Research 40, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel. |
Pioneer PBE system. Visual, interactive; do rather than tell.
Program by manipulating icons: "remembering editor" saves and attaches
to another icon, which can be manipulated, …. Multiple levels of detail;
incremental completion. |
V M X |
R |
| [SMITH DC 1992] Smith, DC, and Susser, J |
1992 |
"A Component Architecture for Personal Computer Software", pp. 31-56
in Languages for Developing User Interfaces, Myers, BA, Ed., Jones
and Bartlett Publishers, Boston. |
Proposes a component architecture with modules residing on servers
and chosen by developers or users at any time. Prototype was implemented
by Apple Computer's Advanced Technology Group. |
V M X |
T R |
| [SMITH
RB 1987] Smith, RB |
1987 |
"Experiences with the Alternate Reality Kit: An Example of the Tension
between Ljiteralism and Magic", pp. 42-50 in IEEE Computer Graphics
and Applications, 7:9, September. |
The Alternate Reality Kit lets some users create interactive simulations
and others manipulate them: e.g. a teacher designing a virtual lab experiment.
Purely iconic interface: grab and move or throw, or press button (send
the object a message.) |
V M |
T R |
| [SMITH RB 1992] Smith, RB,
Ungar, D, and Chang, B-W |
1992 |
"The Use-Mention Perspective on Programming for the Interface", in
Languages
for Developing User Interfaces, Myers, BA, Ed., Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, Boston. |
Argues that direct-manipulation interface reality should be taken seriously.
Their Alternate Reality Kit (ARK) has mechanisms for editing the interface
without the disruption inherent in switching to text names for interface
objects. and operations. |
V M |
T R |
| [SUGIHARA JM 1986] Sugihara, JM, Takayama,
M, Kikuno, T, and Yoshida, N |
1986 |
"A Visual Language for Forms Definition and Manipulation", pp. 109-125
in Visual Languages, S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A. Ligomenides
(Eds.), Plenum, New York, 1986. |
FOSTER. Form type vs. instance; logical scheme & visual
template. |
F T |
T R D B |
| [SUTHERLAND IE 1963] Sutherland, IE |
1963 |
"Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System", pp. 2-19
of AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Spring Joint Computer Conference". |
Pioneer direct-manipulation graphics program could animate linkages
and calculate forces. |
V M |
R |
| [TANIMOTO SL 1986] Tanimoto, SL, and Runyan, MS |
1986 |
"PLAY: an Iconic Programming System for Children", pp. 191-205 in Visual
Languages, S. Chang, T. Ichikawa, and P. A. Ligomenides (Eds.), Plenum,
New York, 1986. |
PLAY. Playgoer, Director, Playwright. Iconic script lang. |
V M T |
T R E C |
| [WOODRUFF A 1994] Woodruff, A, Wisnovsky, P, Taylor, C, Stonebraker,
M, Paxson, C, Chen, J, and Aiken, A |
1994 |
"Zooming and Tunneling in Tioga: Supporting Navigation in Multidimensional
Space", pp 191-193 in VL'94: IEEE VL Sympos., St. Louis, Missouri. |
Tioga. Boxes & arrows, user-written recipes. Elevation maps,
zooming, nested browsers, wormholes. |
V M |
T R D G |
